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Introduction to Energy, Growth Rate & Energy Economics

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9/6/2012





9/11/2012
Part 0. Course Introduction
  Course Syllabus
  Course Information

Part 1. Introduction to Energy
  Energy Introduction
  Example 1-1.ees
  Example 1-2.ees
  Example 1-3.ees

Part 2. Energy Perspectives
  Energy Perspectives
    two figures corrected, reposted 9/11/2012

9/11/2012
Sources of
information
on Energy

(accessed
8/23/12)

DOE Energy Information Administration (EIA)
EIA Annual Energy Review (AER)
EIA Forecasts & Analysis
EIA Levelized Cost of New Generation Resources
International Energy Agency (IEA)
DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
NETL Energy Analysis
EIA Petroleum Navigator
LLNL Energy Flow Charts
BP Statistical Review of World Energy - 2012
NAS Interactive Energy Flow
US Geological Survey

9/3/2012
Concept Reviews Unit Systems
Exponentials and Logarithms
Growth Rate
9/11/2012
4 9/13/2012 Part 3. Exponential Growth & Peak Oil
Growth Rate & Hubbert's Peak
minor corrections to notes, reposted 9/16/2012

Arithmetic, Population and Energy - a talk by Al Bartlett

9/16/2012
Documents on
Peak Oil

(accessed
9/11/12)

W. K. Hubbert 1956 API paper
A. A. Bartlett 2000 Mathematical Geology paper
A. J. Cavallow 2004 Natural Resources Research paper

Congressman Ehler's (MI) Statement on "Energy"
    given before the House of Representatives, May 11, 2005

Congressman Bartlett's (Md) Statement: "The Peaking of World Oil"
    given before the House of Representatives, February 8, 2006

GAO Report on Crude Oil, GAO link
House Resolution on Peak Oil
    resolution submitted by Congressman Bartlett (Md) on January 6, 2009;
    referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce
1/21/2010
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9/18/2012
9/20/2012
Part 4. Energy Economics
  Energy Economics

  Example 4-1.ees
  Example 4-3.ees
  Example 4-4.ees
  Example 4-5.ees
  Example 4-7.ees

9/16/2012

Heat Engines & Thermodynamics

7 9/25/2012 Part 5. Fluid Power and Heat Engines
  The Rise of Heat Engines

Additional Resources:
  Animated Engines
9/24/2012





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9/27/2012

10/4/2012





10/9/2012

10/11/2012
Part 6. Thermodynamic Processes and Properties
  Thermodynamic Language and Concepts

Lecture slides will be posted in Canvas

  Work, steam engine indicators, caloric theory and language
  Troublesome Concepts in Thermodynamics
    - fluid properties & equations of state
    - internal energy and enthalpy
    - specific heats
    - boundary work vs flow potential
    - entropy, reversible processes

  Gibbs relationships, work from gas expansion, polytropic processes,
  work from vapor expansion
  thermodynamic cycles, Second Law

  linear interpolation in saturation and superheated vapor tables


Additional Resources:
  Manual of Steam Engine Indicator, C. Peabody, 1914

  DOE Fundamentals Handbook
    DOE-HDBK-1012/1-92, Thermodynamics
    DOE-HDBK-1012/2-92, Heat Transfer
    DOE-HDBK-1012/3-92, Fluid Flow
10/15/2012
9 10/2/2012 Guest Lecturer: Steve Heymes, Black and Veatch 10/2/2012

Thermal-to-Mechanical Energy Conversion
- Rankine Cycle -








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10/16/2012
10/18/2012
10/23/2012
10/30/2012

11/01/2012
Part 7. Rankine Cycle
  Rankine Cycle Lecture Notes
  Fundamentals of Steam Power, Weston
  Chapter 2. Rankine Cycle, El-Wakil; posted to Canvas

Lecture slides posted in Canvas

ideal & simple Rankine cycle, enthalpies and 1st law, pump work, isentropic efficiencies,
external irreversibilities, pinchpoint temperature difference, superheat, reheat,
regeneration, open feedwater heater,
closed feedwater heater - drained (throttled) backwards, terminal temperature difference
closed feedwater heater - pumped forward
supercritical Rankine cycle, co-generation, co-generation cycle efficiency

Examples and Cycle Diagrams:
  Example of Simple Rankine Cycle:
   simple Rankine cycle example - EES

  Example with Open and Closed Feedwater Heaters:
   example cycle & T-s diagrams - blank
   example cycle & T-s diagrams
   OFH Rankine cycle example - EES
10/30/2012

Thermal-to-Mechanical Energy Conversion
- Brayton Cycle -







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11/01/2012
11/06/2012

11/08/2012
Part 8. Brayton Cycle
  Brayton Cycle Lecture Notes
  Gas Turbines and Jet Engines, Weston

Lecture notes posted in Canvas

ideal & simple Brayton cycles, thermal efficiency & pressure ratio
back work ratio, net work and pressure ratio
regenerator, regenerator effectiveness, thermal efficiency
multistage compression with intercooling
multistage expansion with reheat
combined cycle

Examples:
  example 1 - hand calculations
  example 1 - EES

11/12/2012

Chemical-to-Thermal Energy Conversion
- Fuels & Combustion -

Nuclear-to-Thermal Energy Conversion
- Fission -






















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11/13/2012

11/15/2012
11/27/2012

11/29/2012
12/4/2012
Part 10. Nuclear Energy
  Part 10a. Nuclear Energy (reposted 11/27/2012)
  Part 10b. Nuclear Energy (reposted 11/27/2012)
  Part 10c. Nuclear Energy

  Chapter 10. Nuclear Power Plants, Weston
   additional book chapters posted in Canvas

  DOE Handbook: Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory
    Volume 1
    Volume 2

  mass-to-energy unit conversion

  Energy Conversion Appendices, isotope data in Appendix K

  Chart of Nuclides, National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Lab
  LBNL/Lund University Isotopes Project, includes periodic table interface
  Live Chart of Nuclides, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

In-class lecture notes posted in Canvas

nuclear particles and atomic mass, mass defect & binding energy,
radioactive decay, half-life, activity, decay energy, units,
kinetic energy balance, sources of radioisotopes
RTG power, fission, neutron energies and fission probability
neutron scattering & moderators, thermalized neutrons
neutron reaction, reaction rate, and neutron flux
power density from neutron fission reaction
pressurized water reactors (PWR), boiling water reactors (BWR, RMBK)
nuclear reactor accidents, Three Mile Island (TMI), Chernobyl, Fukishima

Notes:
  pressurized water reactors
  boiling water reactors
  RMBK reactors

Additional Resources:
  The origin of neutrino mass, Physics World, May 2002
  SNAP 7 Progress Report No. 6, Strontium-90 Fueled RTG Development

  charts and figures
  USNRC Radiation
  USNRC Fission
  USNRC Pressurized Water Reactor
  USNRC Boiling Water Reactor
  USNRC Three-Mile Island 'Backgrounder'
  Three-Mile Island, A Report to the Commissioners and the Public, Volume 1

interesting web links:
  HyperPhysics - Nuclear Physics by Georgia State University
  HyperPhysics - Nuclear Energy by Georgia State University
  Global Nuclear Power Reactors by World Nuclear Association
11/29/2012

Electromagnetic-to-Thermal Energy Conversion
- Solar -


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12/6/2012



12/11/2012
Part 11a. Solar Energy - Insolation
electromagnetic energy, solar spectrum, beam vs diffuse energy,
solar energy flux and transmittance, air mass ratio,
absorbtance, reflectance, emittance, calculating solar insolation

Part 11b. Solar Energy - Collectors
solar collector energy balance, solar concentrator ratios, parabolic, dish, central receiver

Part 11c. Solar Energy - Storage
sensible heat, latent heat, thermochemical decomposition, photochemical decomposition

Additional Resources:
  NREL Solar Radiation Data Manual, 1961-1990  -  Houghton, MI data sheet
  NREL Solar Radiation Data Manual, 1961-1990, web link, last checked 11/10/2010
  NREL Solar Radiation Data Base 1991-2005 Update
  Solar Irradiation on Vertical Surfaces - 1986, Solar Energy Research Institute
  Simple Sky Model, Spectral Solar Irradiance - 1987, Solar Energy Research Institute
  Solar Irradiation on Horizontal Surfaces, Safaripour and Mehrabian, 2011.


interesting web links:
  NOAA Old Solar Noon Calculator
  NOAA New Solar Noon Calculator
  NREL Solar Resource Information
  NREL Solar Maps
  Worldwide Concentrating Solar Power Projects compiled by NREL
     web link courtesy of E. Sharbrough
12/11/2012

Electromagnetic-to-Electrical Energy Conversion
- Solar -

27 12/13/2012 Part 12. Solar Energy - Photovoltaics
photon energy, photon flux, photon energy flux, photovoltaic effect, photovoltaic cell
power output, maximum power and efficiency of photovoltaic energy conversion

interesting web links:
  PVCDROM, web-based photovoltaic animated book with live calculations
12/13/2012

Chemical-to-Electrical Energy Conversion
- Fuel Cells -

to be updated 11/12/2012

Mechanical-to-Mechanical Energy Conversion
- Wind & Hydrokinetic -

28 12/13/2012 Part 14. Wind Energy

types of turbines, Betz limit, axial induction factor, maximum power coefficient
Cp and tip speed ratio, energy production, capacity factor, forces on airfoils

12/13/2012

Energy Storage

Part 15. Energy Storage
discharge time vs power, self-discharge time vs energy capacity, thermal energy storage
kinetic energy storage via flywheels, pumped hyrdo, compressed air energy storage (CAES)

Lecture Notes:

11/12/2012